My grandparents are approaching their Golden Wedding Anniversary Essay Example

My grandparents are moving toward their Golden Wedding Anniversary Essay My grandparents are moving toward their Golden Wedding Anniversary. It is my goal to compose the occasion for them.Tasks.Tasks that I should perform will include* Using a word processor and database to compose a letter to neighborhood lodgings, requesting data about costs, accessibility and food.* Using a database to make a rundown of visitors for the party.* Creating solicitations for the gathering and consolidating them with the database to customize them.* Creating envelopes for the solicitations, and print the envelopes out by combining them with the list if people to attend database.* Creating menus for the night, with a similar shading plan and configuration as the invitation.* Sending headings from visitors houses to the picked inn, and send them to visitors who live outside the region of Pembrokeshire.For every one of the assignments I will give instances of my work and clarify bit by bit how I finished each task.Task 1.Objective: Send letters to nearby inns, mentioning data about whether they can cook for a gathering of around sixty individuals. It would likewise be useful to discover data, for example, evaluating and any exceptional offers available.Step One.Firstly, I needed to get the names and addresses of neighborhood inns. To accomplish this, I visited the Yellow Pages site, www.yell.co.uk, and looked for HOTELS in PEMBROKESHIRE. This gave me a rundown of lodgings, which I went into an impermanent database.Step Two.I at that point started to type the letter. Figure 1 shows my first draft of it. I didnt truly consider introduction for this, however simply centered around getting the spelling and punctuation correct.Step Three.After I had checked the main draft, I explored different avenues regarding diverse text style styles, to ideally improve the introduction. Figure 2 and Figure 3 show two styles that I tried.Step Four.I concluded that the first draft looked superior to any of the improved rendition, however it looked excessively crushed togeth er, and just took up half of the page. To illuminate this, I embedded clear lines among lines and left a space at the base for my granddads signature.Step Five.After I was happy with the presence of the letter, I blended it with my database of lodgings. Figure 4 shows that I embedded the Company, Address 1, Address 2, Town, County and Postal Code fields from my database into the document.Step Six.After this had been done, I blended the letter with my database and sent it to every inn. (Figures 5 9 show duplicates of each letter that I sent to the hotels.)Task 2.Objective: Create a database of visitors. The database ought to incorporate their names, alongside contact information.Step One.Using Microsoft Access, I arranged a database of guests.Step Two.I likewise printed these out, so my granddad could check them.Step Three.Figure 1 shows that when I previously printed out the sheets, they showed up on two pages. In spite of the fact that this was not a significant issue, it would be progressively helpful if the rundown was on a solitary page.Step Four.To unravel this, I changed the page design from representation to scene. The database now only fitted on one page. Figure 2 shows a duplicate of this.Step Five.After investigating the subsequent duplicate (Figure 2) I saw another issue. The information in the Address 1, Town and County fields was excessively long and had been cut off. To explain this, I expanded the width of the fields and the information now fitted.Step Six.Because I had expanded the width of a portion of the fields, the database was currently too long again and took up two pages. To fathom this I diminished the widths of different fields, and the database now fitted on a solitary page. Figure 3 shows a duplicate of the last printout of the visitor list.Task 3.Objective: Create solicitations for the occasion. They ought to be made to an appropriate and elegant topic, and the data ought to be sufficient to advise visitors regarding the primary gam e plans (setting, time, and so on.), however they ought not contain a lot of data so they become overpowering and difficult to peruse as that would ruin them.

Early Years Foundation Stage

Early Years Foundation Stage Kids are the most powerless individuals who have intrinsic possibilities longing to be released. It is in their youth when they start to show such possibilities and since they still can't seem to grow truly, subjectively and socio-inwardly, they would require strong grown-ups to manage them towards the correct way in improving their possibilities. The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is an asset for youth care and instruction professionals to help the necessities of small kids under their consideration. It sets guidelines for learning, advancement and care for kids as long as five years old. EYFS gives a wide assortment of data on youngster improvement to assist professionals with seeing how kids develop and what they have to assist them with advancing their possibilities (Tickell, 2011). The utilization of this asset will viably empower youth settings to meet the key results laid out in Every Child Matters and to guarantee that top notch administration is given to the youngsters. Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) In youth, thinking about all youngsters includes numerous contemplations. One is to see every youngster at their own formative level and make exercises and openings suitable to their specific levels. The kid needs to grow comprehensively, which means each formative territory is concentrated on so development and improvement in general individual results. The essential regions of advancement that should be accentuated in early learning are Personal, social and enthusiastic turn of events; Communication and language Physical turn of events (Department of Education, 2012). Beside these significant territories, the kids additionally need to create aptitudes in proficiency, arithmetic, understanding the world and expressive expressions and structure (Department of Education, 2012) These are completely connected together, as being developed in one territory influences the others. The specialist needs cautious arranging and execution of exercises so kids under their consideration develop in all regions. The EFYS works around four fundamental topics in particular: A one of a kind kid; positive connections; empowering situations and learning and advancement (Department of Education, 2012). These topics are quickly clarified as follows. Every youngster is brought into the world with their own arrangement of abilities and possibilities, and these are intended to be built up all for an amazing duration. The expert is to enable the kid to build up their possibilities to the fullest by furnishing him with exercises and encounters to sharpen his abilities. On the off chance that the kid shows penchant for expressions of the human experience, the professional permits the person in question to enjoy inventive exercises important to the kid (Tickell, 2011). EYFSs topic of constructive connections empowers youngsters to experience childhood in conditions that cause them to feel love and security from their homes or learning situations, causing them to grow up to act naturally certain, self-moving individuals. Strong grown-ups assist kids with understanding the feelings they experience, particularly if these emotions are negative and befuddling to the youngster (outrage, frustration, envy, and so forth.). In being comprehended, the youngsters themselves figure out how to be delicate to others sentiments and give a similar help and comprehension to them, making a circle The key of positive connections. The results indicated in Every Child Matters are met in such positive conditions (Department of Education, 2012). The subject of arrangement of empowering situations for youngsters assume a key job in aiding and directing kids in developing to be skilled people. This involves an experts sharp perception of every kid, concerning their inclinations, aptitudes, character attributes, and so forth and get signs from the kids themselves with respect to how they might want their figuring out how to be organized. Cautious arranging of exercises for youngsters ought to consider significant ideas and abilities they ought to learn at their formative level. Once more, this concurs with the constructivists perspective on childrens discovering that they are equipped for stepping their own learning ways they themselves build obviously with the capable direction of a touchy grown-up (Tickell, 2011). Ultimately, EYFSs topic of learning and improvement assists professionals with understanding that youngsters create and learn in various manners and at their own time. Every region of learning and improvement determined by EYFS is similarly significant and between associate with the others, so experts must ensure that they don't focus on just a single zone of learning at once (Department of Education, 2012). Job and Value of Play EYFS perceives the significance of play in adolescence, as it gives numerous advantages. Wood (2004) battles that in expanding the possibilities of play as a showing device, grown-ups have an incredible task to carry out in arranging testing conditions, connecting with youngsters in gaining from play exercises, encouraging childrens language improvement, watching and assessing childrens learning through play and empowering its coherence and progress. Babies, little children and pre-schoolers get a lot of advantage from a play-based educational program, and under the management of learned and caring grown-ups, it is an incredible strategy in encouraging the improvement of childrens characters. During play, kids exhibit improved verbal correspondences, significant levels of social and collaboration aptitudes, inventive utilization of play materials, innovative and disparate reasoning abilities and critical thinking capacities (Wood, 2004, p. 21). Free investigation is viewed as Heuristic play by Holland (2003). It is empowered without grown-up mediation. Grown-ups basically give basic materials and permit the youngster to simply be and let his creative mind take off . The kid gains from watching straightforwardly what these items will do or not do, in sharp difference to a great part of the instructive gear which has an outcome foreordained by the plan which has been formulated by the grown-up creator (Holland, 2003, p. 142). Heuristic play won't just animate a childs thinking, yet it additionally builds up his inventiveness as he will find in his psyche unlimited prospects in creatively changing standard items into different things with different capacities. Youth educational program should consolidate play in its plan. Play is basic to childrens learning, as it is one powerful way to deal with enamor their advantage. Educators should exploit this and plan provoking learning situations to help their understudies learning through arranged play movement. Beside this, the educator additionally has to realize how to help their unconstrained play and assist them with building up their language, relational abilities and other formative aptitudes through intriguing and fun play-like exercises. Moyles et al (2001) guarantee that amusingly, a learning situation that depends much on play prompts increasingly develop types of information, abilities and comprehension. There is proof to recommend that through play youngsters grow elevated levels of verbal aptitude and inventive critical thinking capacities EYFS and Other Early Years Programs A few youth programs share a similar way of thinking as those embraced by EYFS (Tickell, 2011). These projects have educational plans structured with the kid at the inside and all else takes into account him to help his development and advancement and the acknowledgment of his possibilities. One is the Te Whaariki youth educational plan of New Zealand and the other is Reggio Emilia situated in Italy. The Te Whaariki educational program esteems play as a successful device in encouraging childrens learning and improvement. Instructive models with solid sociocultural highlights, for example, Te Whariki don't leave play to risk yet supports it through complex equal and responsive connections just as arrangement of exercises which are socially developed and intervened (Wood, 2004). In addition to the fact that activities promote mindfulness consolidate social mindfulness which fortifies childrens social characters. Webber (n.d.) sums up what research has discovered to boost childrens learning as joining social substance; reflecting social qualities, perspectives and works on; using socially favored methods of getting the hang of, including socially proper help; and confirming social personality (p. 9). This implies they ought to be presented to the melodies, stories, games, and so forth intrinsic in their family and social foundations. Quite a bit of these can be consolidated in play circumstances. Malaguzzi, originator of Reggio Emilia theory (1993) presumes that instructors ought to be specialists that think and produce a genuine educational program focused on childrens needs. Instructors build up an educational plan from watching the kids and taking note of down their formative aptitudes, interests and different prospects they can find all alone inside the parameters of wellbeing. This educational program imagines usage in a situation sorted out by instructors to be wealthy in conceivable outcomes and incitements that challenge youngsters to investigate, issue settle, for the most part in little gatherings while the educators go about as sharp eyewitnesses or recorders of the childrens learning. Educators get the chance to adjust their job by some of the time joining the hover of youngsters and once in a while dispassionately staying outside the circle (Pope Edwards, 2002). Educators are close by to give help or further test childrens thinking to push them to streamline thei r possibilities. They likewise watch childrens practices to see which of their needs should be met (Lambert Clyde, 2000) and plan chances to address such needs either through the educational program or through their social communications. Reggio Emilia schools give a perfect learning condition to kids. Since the methodology was considered with regards to imparted figuring out how to the families and different grown-ups in the network adding to the training of the youthful, it has the help it needs to actualize an educational plan that best suits the necessities of the developing kid. It is estimable that the families and network individuals esteem th

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Career Trekking at Harvard Business School

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Career Trekking at Harvard Business School When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment but are also making a commitment to a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. Career Treks are an integral part of the Harvard Business School (HBS) culture and allow groups of students to network with governmental, corporate, and nonprofit representatives in particular geographic areas. These optional trips take place during the fall and winter semesters as well as during the school’s  January break and range in length from two days to over a week. Past treks have included trips to the Dominican Republic, Saudi Arabia, and Japan as well as the WesTrek to the San Francisco Bay Area. In addition to attending alumni panels, meeting with government officials, and visiting companies, participating students take time to relax, explore, and simply enjoy their stay. Treks are particularly important for students looking for a job through personal connections and for those seeking employment with smallerâ€"or foreignâ€"organizations that may not be able to participate in traditional on-campus recruiting. Treks are organized by student clubs, often with the support of the school and corporate sponsorship of events, such as a lunch or happy hour. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at HBS and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Harvard University (Harvard Business School)

Max Born and the Discovery of the Born Rule

Max Born (December 11, 1882–January 5, 1970) was a German physicist who played an important role in the development of quantum mechanics. He is known for the â€Å"Born rule,† which provided a statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics and enabled researchers in the field to predict results with specific probabilities. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his fundamental contributions to quantum mechanics. Fast Facts: Max Born Occupation: PhysicistKnown For: Discovery of the Born rule, a statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics.Born: December 11, 1882 in Breslau, PolandDied: January 5, 1970 in Gà ¶ttingen, GermanySpouse: Hedwig EhrenbergChildren: Irene, Margarethe, GustavFun Fact: The singer and actress Olivia Newton-John, who starred in the 1978 musical film Grease with John Travolta, is the granddaughter of Max Born. Early Life Max Born was born on December 11, 1882 in Breslau (now Wroclaw) Poland. His parents were Gustav Born, an embryologist at the University of Breslau, and Margarete (Gretchen) Kaufmann, whose family worked in textiles. Born had a younger sister named Kà ¤the. At a young age, Born attended school at the Kà ¶nig Wilhelms Gymnasium in Breslau, studying Latin, Greek, German, history, languages, math, and physics. There, Born may have been inspired by his math teacher, Dr. Maschke, who showed the students how wireless telegraphy worked. Born’s parents died at an early age: his mother when Born was 4, and his father shortly before Born finished school at the Gymnasium. College and Early Career Afterwards, Born took courses on a variety of science, philosophy, logic, and math subjects at Breslau University from 1901–1902, following his father’s advice to not specialize in a subject too soon at college. He also attended the Universities of Heidelberg, Zà ¼rich, and Gà ¶ttingen. Peers at Breslau University had told Born about three mathematics professors at Gà ¶ttingen – Felix Klein, David Hilbert, and Hermann Minkowski. Born went out of favor with Klein due to his irregular attendance at classes, though he subsequently impressed Klein by solving a problem on elastic stability at a seminar without reading the literature. Klein then invited Born to enter a university prize competition with the same problem in mind. Born, however, did not initially take part, offending Klein again. Born changed his mind and later entered, winning the University of Breslau’s Philosophy Faculty Prize for his work on elasticity and obtaining a PhD in mathematics on the subject in 1906 under his doctoral advisor Carl Runge. Born subsequently went to Cambridge University for about six months, attending lectures by J. J. Thomson and Joseph Larmor. He went back to Gà ¶ttingen to collaborate with the mathematician Hermann Minkowski, who died after a few weeks due to an operation for appendicitis. In 1915, Born was offered a professor position at the University of Berlin. However, the opportunity coincided with the beginning of World War I. Born joined the German air force and worked on sound ranging. In 1919, after World War I, Born became a professor at the University of Frankfurt-am-Main. Discoveries in Quantum Mechanics In 1921, Born returned to the University of Gà ¶ttingen as a professor, a post he held for 12 years. At Gà ¶ttingen, Born worked on the thermodynamics of crystals, then became primarily interested in quantum mechanics. He collaborated with Wolfgang Pauli, Werner Heisenberg, and a number of other physicists who would also make groundbreaking advances in quantum mechanics. These contributions would help lay out the foundation of quantum mechanics, particularly its mathematical treatment. Born saw that some of Heisenberg’s calculus was equivalent to matrix algebra, a formalism that is used extensively in quantum mechanics today. Furthermore, Born considered the interpretation of Schrà ¶dinger’s wavefunction, an important equation for quantum mechanics, which had been discovered in 1926. Though Schrà ¶dinger had provided a way to describe how the wavefunction describing a system changed over time, it was unclear exactly what the wavefunction corresponded to. Born concluded that the square of the wavefunction could be interpreted as a probability distribution that would predict the result given by a quantum mechanical system when it was measured. Though Born first applied this discovery, now known as the Born rule, to help explain how waves scattered, it was later applied to many other phenomena. Born was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on quantum mechanics, with particular emphasis on the Born rule. In 1933, Born was forced to emigrate due to the rise of the Nazi party, which caused his professorship to be suspended. He became a lecturer at Cambridge University, where he worked with Infeld on electrodynamics. From 1935–1936, he stayed in Bangalore, India at the Indian Institute of Science and worked with Sir C.V. Raman, a researcher who won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1936, Born became a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, staying there for 17 years until his retirement in 1953. Awards and Honors Born won a number of awards during his lifetime, including: 1939 – Fellowship of the Royal Society1945 – Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize, from the Royal Society of Edinburgh1948 – Max Planck Medal, from the German Physical Society1950 – Hughes Medal, from the Royal Society of London1954 – Nobel Prize in Physics1959 – Grand Cross of Merit with Star of the Order of Merit, from the German Federal Republic Born was also made an honorary member of several academies, including the Russian, Indian, and Royal Irish academies. After Born’s death, the German Physical Society and the British Institute of Physics created the Max Born Prize, which is awarded annually. Death and Legacy After retiring, Born settled in Bad Pyrmont, a spa resort near Gà ¶ttingen. He died on January 5, 1970 at a hospital in Gà ¶ttingen. He was 87 years old. Born’s statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics was groundbreaking. Thanks to Born’s discovery, researchers can predict the result of a measurement performed on a quantum mechanical system. Today, the Born rule is considered one of the key principles of quantum mechanics. Sources Kemmer, N., and Schlapp, R. â€Å"Max Born, 1882-1970.†Landsman, N.P. â€Å"The Born Rule and Its Interpretation.†O’Connor, J.J., and Robertson, E.F. â€Å"Max Born.†

Tales Of A Fourth Grade Nothing By Judy Blume - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 415 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Institution The contemporary realistic book that I chose is Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing by Judy Blume. This is a children novel authored by Judy Blume. It was published in 1972 (Blume, 2003). The book is appropriate for children above the age of 7 years and belongs to the discipline of teaching. This is because it teaches children the behavior of young children aged two years and how to trick them. The specific objective suitable for this novel is pedagogical objective. This is because it teaches children above the age of 7 years and parents how to trick young children at the age of 2 years. The main purpose of the book is to teach. It teaches how the Peter’s family plays with Fudge psychology. The family in the novel uses Peter the elder brother of Fudge to influence his behavior. Since Fudge likes to mimic his brother Peter, when the family wants to buy a specific item for him, they pretend Peter is going to also purchase that item something, which forces Fudge to accept (Blume, 2003). By doing so, they void his loud shouting and crying. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tales Of A Fourth Grade Nothing By Judy Blume" essay for you Create order This book will be used to meet the pedagogical objective by educating parents and elder children on the ways of dealing with their children. It will educate parents on how to play with the psychology of children in order to avoid resistance by tricking them (Nel Paul, 2011). Tricking children to accept or ignore something, helps prevent them from crying. One of the problematic specific is when children do not mimic there elder brothers or sisters. This is problematic because it will be hard to trick the child. The other one is having hot tempered children who are not willing to forgive each other. If it becomes hard to trick the child, being a parent you should find other ways of influencing the behavior of your child. For example, I will use rewards to motivate the child to accept a certain offer. After reading this book, children will be in a position to handle their younger brothers and sisters in the appropriate manner. They will learn the importance of forgiving their younger siblings when they wrong them (Nel Paul, 2011). This implies that they will have mental growth on how to handle their younger siblings. If the parent objects to the goal of teaching children how to trick their younger siblings, the alternative assignment is to teach them ways of rewarding their siblings in order to accept or reject certain items.

Essay about Marijuana Laws Prohibition Revisited

Ever since the federal criminalization of marijuana in the United States in 1937, there has been a large underground drug market (Paul). Much like how the prohibition of alcohol simply forced imbibers underground, those who chose to partake in marijuana are forced to stay away from the prying eye of the law because of present marijuana laws. This means the drug world is concealed from the average citizen, hiding the dangers of drug deals gone wrong, police shootings, and other dangerous occurrences. In a way this allows the government to mask the fact that their well-funded ‘War on Drugs’ is ineffective, a ‘War’ with a budget of roughly twenty billion dollars; which is not profoundly effective in the curbing the use of drugs (Jillette). If†¦show more content†¦While such popular and potent drugs (alcohol and nicotine) are legally available to the public, there is fallacious logic in outlawing a drug less exponentially less dangerous and far less add ictive than these two easily accessible drugs. Alcohol and nicotine are infinitely more harmful to the human body than marijuana, cannabis simply not toxic enough to kill (In Pot). Marijuana is demonized by the government and much of the media as a dangerous drug, while the deaths of roughly 50,000 people in The United States per year can be contributed to alcohol and 440,000 to tobacco. All the while, marijuana has never directly caused the death of anybody in the entire history of mankind (Jillette). While some would expect marijuana to be at least as carcinogenic as tobacco, recent medical journals have found no link between smoking marijuana and lung cancer (Boyles). One example given in one study was that two-pack-a-day cigarette smokers saw a 20-fold increase in cancer risk when compared to non-smokers, while no elevation in risk was observed in even the heaviest (22,000+ joints smoked in lifetime) smokers of marijuana (Boyles). Any consistent person that believes marijuana sh ould stay illegal should also believe alcohol and cigarettes should be made illegal, by the same reasoning. The reformation of marijuana laws and the outright federal legalization of marijuana in The United States would extremelyShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay About Marijuana1308 Words   |  6 Pagesfor children to obtain it. Before delving into the positives of using marijuana, people need to consider the successful people that have made it where to prosperous positions despite Marijuana consumption. According to a Huffington Post article, â€Å"Maya Angelou, Martha Stewart, Morgan Freeman, Ted Turner, Michael Bloomberg, and even Rush Limbaugh are all high-functioning marijuana users† (Jacques). Under the influence of Marijuana, similar to alcohol, people react differently to their high. In the scenarioRead MoreIntroduction of Marijuana2257 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION OF MARIJUANA INTO THE UNITED STATES The use of marijuana has been an active past time for thousands of years, however, it did not reach the United States until around 1912. A wave of Mexican immigrants was entering the country in the effort to find work; with them came marijuana. The use of marijuana was a normal custom among the Mexican people, but the White Americans in towns bordering Mexico saw the use of this particular plant in a different light. Fueled with racism andRead MoreBorder Security and Drug Trafficking3286 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Border Security Introduction. The problem of drugs coming over into the United States from Mexico is not new, but it is serious and in spite of many efforts by American law enforcement and border authorities, it continues day after day. This paper reviews the problem from several perspectives and brings to light attempts the U.S. has made to stop drug trafficking on our border with Mexico. The biggest issue regarding border security is the power of the drug cartels, and the majority of emphasisRead MoreMorality and the Law3154 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Morality and the Law The United States likes to think of itself as a highly evolved nation and that its judicial process is one of the fairest and least corrupt in the world. That might in fact be true but it by no means makes the American judicial system perfect by any stretch of the imagination. Part of the flawed aspects of the court systems and legislative systems in America has to do with the fact that so much is open to interpretation. Atkins v. Virginia is a case which is classicallyRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesrequires a delicate balance and a deliberate progression toward renewing the organization through a series of time-consuming initiatives that demands questioning the status quo. Change—The Innovative Process    43 What Do You Think? Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future. John Fitzgerald Kennedy offered this sage advice almost fifty years ago. Has the information services community been able to live up to that pronouncement? If so

Business Environment Analysis of Libya †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment Analysis of Libya. Answer: Introduction: Libya represents one of the largest countries of North Africa that boasts of large oil and gas reserves along with a strong consumer market (Tordo and Anouti 2013). The market of Libya is both rewarding and challenging due to its good planning. This allows the companies in availing business opportunities belonging to the sectors ranging from oil and gas reserves to the telecommunications, agriculture and tourism. The economy of Libya primarily depends on the oil reserves that contribute to around 95 percent of the earnings (Allan 2014). Moreover, the recent hike in the oil prices has helped the company in accumulating foreign exchange reserve of around 50 billion US dollars. The country however hugely suffers due to a higher unemployment rate. The country however focuses on increasing its foreign investment that will enable it to spread its arms in the other sectors that includes agriculture, mining, fishing, natural gas and the tourism sectors. The construction and manufacturing sec tors accounts for around one fifth of the GDP of the country with expansion in the processing of steel, aluminum, petroleum and iron. Libya is one of the exporters of oil with its domestic consumption of around 270,000 barrel on a daily basis (Munir Ahmad and Elhuni 2014). Around 85 percent of the crude goes to Europe while 13 percent is reserved for the east of Suez Canal in Asia. Close to around 32 percent of the Libyan Oil is reserved for Italy and 14 percent for the Germany. The portions of France and China receive around 10 percent whereas the United States accounts for about 5 percent (Elmahdi et al 2014). The state-owned National Oil Corporation (NOC) runs Libyas oil and petroleum industry (Hallett and Clark-Lowes 2017). It holds the responsibility of implementing, production and exploration agreements with the global oil companies. Together with the smaller subsidiary businesses, the NOC accounts for close to 50 percent of the oil output of the country(4). The country also has oil fields that are located around Sirte Basin and contains about 80 percent of the proven reserves of the country. Libya also has in total five domestic refineries with a combined capacity of around 378,000 barrels per day. The domestic refineries include Sarir Refining, Sirte Oil Co, Azzawiya Oil Refining, Ras Lanuf Oil Gas Processing Co and Tobruk Refining (McLachlan and Barker 2014). The major competitors of the oil and petroleum industry includes key international oil companies that operates in Libya like Eni, Occidental Petroleum, StatoilHydro, ConocoPhillips, OMV, Hess Corp, Shell, Marathon, BP, Wintershall and ExxonMobil (Griffin and Teece 2016). Political Environment in Libya: The oil and gas industry in Libya experiences threats due to various political factors that include: Political instability Geopolitical conflicts The government control accounted for close to 90 percent of the total oil reserves and around 75 percent of the global gas and oil production. The presence of innumerable number of oil reserves in the country can itself be a reason for increased corruption and civil wars. Such side effects are known across the world as resource curse. This acts as barriers for the foreign gas and oil companies for making investment in Libya. Presently, the oil and gas industry of Libya has become ineffective and fractured due to the persistent political hostility between the Tripoli based government backed by the United Nations and the eastern counterpart(Massey and Coluccello 2015). It is necessary for the country to overcome such obstacles to develop a functioning business. Both the factions battled over the revenues of petroleum. The outlook of the oil and petroleum industry depended on the progress of the negotiations between the eastern and the western factions. However, the removal of the UN embargo would energize the oil and petroleum industry of Libya. The presence of rival militias along with obstinacy of fragmented political sphere will continue to inhibit progress in Libya .Although it is believed that in spite of the militant and political setback, it is believed that the oil and petroleum industry of Libya will show improvements in the next couple of years due to some recent developmental activities. Technological Environment in Libya: The primary barriers to the oil and petroleum industry lies in bringing introducing a newer technology and innovation in the market (Mohamed, Al-Habaibeh and Abdo 2013). This is due to the uncertainty that exists over the returns, skill shortages, development cost, time uncertainty for getting to the market, funding insufficiency, uncertainty over the gas and oil prices and stringency in regulations. However, some high tech technologies that would influence the oil and petroleum industry are represented as follows: According to Lloyds 2015 Report (Aguilera and Radetzki 2013) on the Global Insights of the Oil and Petroleum, the technology that drove innovation into the oil and petroleum industry before the year 2020 includes enhanced oil recovery and automation. However, around the year 2020, the oil and petroleum industry of Libya will implement not only high temperature and high pressure drilling technologies but also hydraulic fracturing based on a multi stage process. Further, around the year 2025 and beyond, Libya would be able to introduce deep-water equipment and subsea robotics. Not only that the country will also be able to implement the removal of the hydrogen sulfide and water separation through the downhole process. There would also be rig less drilling, laser drilling and implementation of other improvements in the process of drilling. However, the technology that plays a key role in determining the future of the oil and gas industry would be the extraction technology for the Methan e Hydrates. The deposits of Methane Hydrates are combination of the oil, coal and gas and considered as one of the exploitable resources. However, the development of this key technology would connect to the oil prices since it is expensive and requires a lot of money for undertaking research and development. However, the leading countries using this technology include Japan, Germany and USA. Legal Environment in Libya Coupled with the unclear legal system, presence of a larger public sector and random decision-making by the government has impeded foreign direct investment. The oil and petroleum industry of Libya has undergone much suffering for twenty long years although it managed in maintaining the production levels of oil and gas. However, the intention of National Oil Corporation (NOC) for expansion of the gas and oil production in a six years time resulted due to the ambitious exploration of Libya for both the oil and the gas (Nestorovi? 2016). Libya also launched two vital agreements related to exploration and product sharing that has resulted in various agreements with the various international oil companies. Although Libya emerged from isolation and opened up foreign investments but it, still remains caught up in undoing the damage caused by embargo. However, Libya had to implement various legal reforms. In the year 2000, there was decentralization of most of the legislative and the executive authorities into twenty-six municipal excluding the energy, economy, defense, foreign affairs, infrastructure, trade and social security. This forced the local government in formulating their own budget. The newer form of governance has led to the elimination of the class difference and severance of the outside influences. The introduction of the heath care including all the basic amenities is provided by state. The Foreign Investment Law not only covered the foreign investment but also included Libyan capital invested privately in a foreign land. This policy led to the opening of various sectors that initially remained closed to both the foreign and private investment. However, Libya undertakes a c onservative approach and presently allows only certain sectors for the purpose of investment. However, the presently allowable industry includes tourism, health, agriculture and various services related to oil that excludes exploration and drilling and is covered under Petroleum law. There was also an establishment of energy minister in Libya with initiations for a newer law for petroleum. Taxation Environment of Libya In past couple of years, the authorities of Libya have led to the implementation of the economic reforms as a means of easing the country towards the global community. Libya however experiences hard and long road ahead for loosening the social grip on the economy (Asongu 2015). The application to the World Trade Organization (WTO), the reduction of the subsidies along with the plans for privatization resulted transition of the Libyan economy into a market-based structure. In the context of the oil and petroleum, industry, Libya has an upstream, midstream and downstream sectors. In the upstream sector, Libya had various offshore deals that prevented swapping the production rights between the various foreign entities. The midstream sector of the country has good pipeline network that is in the need for modernization. The downstream sector consists of five domestic refineries that have a capacity of around 378 thousand barrels on a particular day. In Libya, Exploration and Production Sharing Agreement (EPSA) holders do not need to pay any royalties and taxes related to petroleum. According to the EPSA, the Libyan National Oil Corporation (LNOC) settles royalties and taxes in support of the International Oil Corporation (IOC). The Libyan authorities accepts for the filing of the notional tax with the finance ministry by issuance of a receipt for the purpose of the tax recoverability. The demographic pyramid of Libya puts forward a prominence in the youth bulge with around 27 percent of the population between the age group of 16 years to 30 years (Abuharris, 2013). The gain of the youth bulge was combined with higher rates of unemployment estimated around 33 percent and came to be known as youth unemployment. In the 1.9 million existent Libyan labor force, government employed only 70 percent of the salaried Libyans. According to the figures of the World Bank, there were an estimated surplus staffs close to 300,000 in the public sector which is perceived as the vital source of stability and employment for the citizens of Libya (Timberlake 2013). On the other hand, the private sector contributes in employing only 4 percent of the labor force. There are around 120, 000 self employed and independent Libyan workers. Cultural Environment of Libya The population of Libya is around 6.4 million and the life expectancy of men is around 73 years whereas that of the female is about 78 years. The primary language of the country is Arabic and the religion followed is Islam (Peters 2014). The stronger religious backdrop of Libya has made the country conservative in various respects. The county does not have a bar or a nightclub but has cafes and food joints where people gather to enjoy. The country also does not serve alchohol in any of its establishments. The colonization and invasion of Libya has left the country with a diverse cultural legacy. Culturally Libya does not believe in a beach life and with the local population preferring picnics. The county however puts forward opportunities for desert driving and the dune surfing. Libya being a Muslim country, the Libyan people are dressed in a modest manner. The woman especially covers their upper arms, legs, cleavage and shoulders along with a headscarf. This also holds significance while visiting a cemetery, mosque, or site that has religious significance. However, through their conduct, Libyans believes in good reputation, honor and dignity of their family. Therefore, it is necessary for maintaining decorum at all the times. Attempt of purposeful public embarrassment and humiliation have serious ramifications in the country. The Libyan people expect a warm and enthusiastic greeting. While greeting the people in business meetings people should shake hands while addressing a person along with maintaining a smile direct eye contact. While shaking hands it one needs to understand that men can shake hands with men but for shaking hands with a woman, he must wait until she is willing. Libyan people do not use first names for addressing people instead; they use titles for addressing people. Libyans also believes in respecting the business contacts and be punctual to the meetings. They believe in following an open-door policy during the meetings so that there are no interruptions. The companies in Libya follow a hierarchical structure with de cision-making and negotiations done through the consensus of the group. They however believe in maintaining long-term business relationships so ensure committing time at the beginning of the business collaboration. They also believe in valuing the desire for non-confrontational negotiations. References: Abuharris, A.T., 2013. 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